Friday, July 19, 2019
Analysis of Stephen Cranes, Maggie: A Girl Of The Streets Essays
Analysis of Stephen Crane's, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Today in modern America, it has become almost impossible to avoid the tales of horror that surround us almost anywhere we go. Scandals, murders, theft, corruption, extortion, abuse, prostitution, all common occurrences in this day in age. A hundred years ago however, people did not see the world in quite such an open manner despite the fact that in many ways, similarities were abundant. Peopleââ¬â¢s lives were, in their views, free of all evil and pollution. They assumed they lived peaceful lives and those around them lived the same flawless lives untouched by corruption as well. Many were too blind to see beyond their own homes and into the lives of others who dealt with a more unfortunate fate. Those being the ones who lived in poverty, abuse, and other harsh conditions which were finally exposed to America in 1893 by a 22-year old college free lance writer who simply wished to show things as they appeared to him: bitterly real. Stephen Crane was Americaââ¬â¢s first re alistic writer who exposed the realities of the slums, tenement living and other unfavorable conditions to a very naà ¯ve American audience. Through hard work and his great devotion to the examination of the darker side of life Crane finally was able to publish his novel in which explored his experiences of the New York slums. Through his great use of dialect, irony and realism in his novel Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Stephen Crane is able to accomplish his goal of creating a vivid picture in his readerââ¬â¢s mind, portraying the harsh, abusive conditions of the many lives condemned to this fortune. Stephen Crane began his quest for the truth in the summer of 1889 while visiting his brother who lived in New Jersey (Peden, 104). While living with his brother Crane was drawn to the idea of realistic writing. He would travel to New York on almost a daily basis to witness and experience the poverty and abusive conditions of the slums (Colvert, 104). During his visits to New York Crane was able to establish an understanding and develop a feeling for what life was like in the slums. He soon acquired a craving for individuality and a yearning to express his experiences. He began his mission by placing upon himself the desire to become his own individual, separating himself from other writers of the era by using his unique style of r... ... Garland, Hamlin. ââ¬Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets.â⬠The Arena June 1893. Rpt. in Twentieth Century Literary Critcism. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 11. Detroit: Gale, 1983. 121. Karlen, Amo. ââ¬Å"The Craft of Stephen Crane.â⬠Georgia Review Fall 1974: pp 470- 84. Rpt. in The Chelsea House Library of Literary Criticism. Moses, Edwin. ââ¬Å"Stephen Crane.â⬠Magillââ¬â¢s Survey of American Literature. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 2. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp., 1991. 427-41. Peden, William. ââ¬Å"Stephen Crane.â⬠Encyclopedia Americana. 1998 ed. Pizer, Donald. ââ¬Å"Stephen Craneââ¬â¢s Maggie and American Naturalism.â⬠Criticism Spring 1965: 168-75. Rpt. in The Chelsea House Library of Literary Criticism. Ed. Harold Bloom. Vol. 10 New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. 5858-53. Quinn, Arthur Hobson. ââ¬Å"The Journalists.â⬠American Fiction: An Historical and Critical Survey. New York: Appleton Century-Crofts, Inc., 1936. 521-49. Seymour-Smith, Martin. ââ¬Å"Stephen Crane.â⬠Funk and Wagnalls Guide to Modern Literature. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1973. 37-40. Walford, Chester L. ââ¬Å"Stephen Crane.â⬠Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Salem Press, 1983. 638-47.
Thursday, July 18, 2019
Business partnerships and their benefits to organizations, suppliers, and customers Essay
Introduction A business partnership is an alliance of two or more parties that take on in a business venture in which the earnings and losses are divided equally. The legal description of a partnership business is an alliance of two or more people to collaborate as co-owners of a company for income. The formation of a partnership necessitates a deliberate alliance of parties or businesses that co own the company and aim to conduct it for profit. Partners can shape the partnership by written or verbal agreement. A partnership accord often directs the partnersââ¬â¢ dealings with each other and to the company. Each partner has a right to share in the profits of the partnership. Unless the company accord asserts otherwise, associates share profits equally. Additionally, partners must donate equally to joint venture losses except if a partnership accord offers another arrangement. Each partner is also required to participate equally in the management of the partnership. A popular vote settles disagreements involving the administration of the partnership. On the other hand, some choices such as letting in a new partner or force out a partner entail all the partnersââ¬â¢ undivided consent. Every partner owes a fiduciary obligation to the firm and to copartners. This duty necessitates that an associate ought to deal with copartners in good faith. It also requires that an associate should report to copartners for any profit that he or she obtains while engaged in partnership business. Each partner also has a responsibility of trustworthiness to the partnership. Unless the copartners assent, a partnerââ¬â¢s obligation of loyalty constrains the partner from utilizing partnership assets for personal benefit. It also constrains the partner from rivaling with the partnership, taking on in self-dealing, or seizing partnership opportunities. It is a fact that firms that participates in the business system as partners complement the company and its suppliers, thereby increasing the value to customers. Business partnershipsââ¬â¢ benefits to companies, suppliers, and consumers Firms that participate in the business system as partners allow for minimal formalities and regulatory and reporting requirements required in conducting business deals. Although partnerships are governed by statute, the required statutory formalities are few. A concise written partnership agreement is a good investment in almost any circumstance. However, it is not required, and a partnership may be formed by a verbal agreement between two or more people and can be implied by behavior. State statutes vary with regard to partnerships filing requirements and other formalities. The pertinent state statutes must always be reviewed and must be complied with. Most states do not require partnership registration with the secretary of state or other state official before commencing business. However, a certificate of assumed name or similar document is usually required when the partnership will be transacting business under an assumed name, trade name, or fictitious name (Schneeman, 2007, p.73). Minimal formalities ensure that a partnership business is able to do business with its suppliers smoothly without having to jump major hurdles. This saves a lot of time and resources for both the organization and its suppliers (Practicing Law Institute., and United States, 1971, p.47). This smooth operation between the company and its suppliers ensures that the customers are provided with quality services or products in a timely fashion, thus benefiting the organization, its suppliers, and customers. With partnerships, there is participation and flexibility in management. Unless one or more partners waive their rights, every partner has equal power and authority to manage the partnership affair. Partners of smaller partnerships may find this appealing if they have varied backgrounds and areas of expertise, and all wish to participate actively. All partners are allowed to act freely on behalf of the partnership, with few restrictions. Larger partnerships on the other hand are allowed the flexibility of putting the management of the partnership into the hands of the best individual or group of individuals for the job. According to Bradley, firms which participate in the business system as partners are both competitors and collaborates with respect to their suppliers. Participation and flexibility in the management of an organization ensures that only the best suppliers are targeted as partners. For example, British Airways and Singapore Airlines compete for passengers but they played a partnership role in the development of the Airbus superjumbo for which both are major customers. Organizations need to develop partnerships with the best suppliers to leverage their expertise and technologies to create a competitive advantage. Learning how an organizationââ¬â¢s suppliers are performing can lead to superior visibility, which can offer prospects for more collaborative involvement in value-added activities. Many organizations are tracking product and services quality, on-time deliveries, customer service efforts and cost-control programs as part of the supplier rating system. This information can be used to develop supplier programs that will improve supply chain management, thus creating more value for consumers. Participation and flexibility in management creates knowledge environments for managers in firms that participate as business partners. Knowledge environments for administrators look like experience environments for clients. Innovations in knowledge environments must reflect the granularity of managerial experiences, just like innovations in experience environments must reflect the depth of consumer experiences. To create more value for consumers, organizations must continually create new knowledge. The opportunities to do so may come from solving a particular problem, for example, reducing the recharge time for a battery pack in a particular cell phone configuration. The opportunity may also come from identifying major emerging opportunities, for example, the explosive growth of market for cell phones in China and India. To make this happen, organizations must create knowledge environments that facilitate the discovery and action in the new competitive space through participation of partners and flexibility in management processes. This creates value for the company, its suppliers, and its customers. Firms in a business system that participate as partners have the added advantage of shared management. A partner will have other partners to rely on to provide expertise in needed areas. Decisions can be made jointly after thorough discussion. This feature of shared decision-making can also be a disadvantage when a quick decision is needed. Partners must consult with each other on significant issues. Partners have the advantage of appointing a certain partner as managers of the business. They can be delegated the authority to make certain decisions by themselves. Shared organizational management by business partners enables purchasing management. This refers to all activities necessary to manage supplier relationships in such a way that their activities are aligned with the companyââ¬â¢s overall business strategies and interests. It focuses on structuring and continuously improving purchasing processes within the organization and between the organization and its suppliers. For example, before applying to be a Volvo supplier, an interested supplier must understand and agree on Volvoââ¬â¢s core values. This helps to eliminate any misunderstandings on the quality of products that the company offers. This benefits the company, its selected suppliers and creates value for its customers. In the business system, shared organizational management by firms in a business partnership enables the development of customer loyalty. Customer relationships are built on the basis of trust. Repeat business gets generated only when customers believe their suppliers and perceive them as creating more value. Loyalty is created only when the customer perceives fairness, equity, and transparency in his or her relationship with the seller. This is possible with a shared organizational management by businesses in a partnership agreement because all parties involved create strategies that improve customer relations, ensuring that they remain loyal to the organization. This generates more profits for the organization. Business partnerships require a low cost of organization. There are no minimum requirements for starting a partnership. The startup costs, including any required state filing fees, tend to be lower than those for corporations are. This in itself is a great advantage for small businesses wishing to form business partnerships. Additionally, the low cost of organization ensures that the partnership business has enough resources to conduct numerous transactions with many suppliers. This means that the supply of any needed raw materials is constant. This ensures that the production of goods or services goes on smoothly without hitches. For the companyââ¬â¢s consumers, this is a great advantage for them because the production of goods or services will be relatively cheaper. This means that consumers will have access to the products or services at a relatively cheaper price as compared with other organizations, thus benefitting the organization, its suppliers, and customers. In the business system, business partnerships enable the partner organizations to raise capital easily. Because two or more firms contribute financial resources, business partnerships can raise funds more easily for operating expenses and business expansion. The partnersââ¬â¢ combined financial strength also increases the firmââ¬â¢s ability to raise funds from outside sources. This ability of a firm to raise capital easily is an advantage for nonfinancial stakeholders such as suppliers, customers, employees, and the community in which the firm operates. They have no direct monetary stake in the company and no direct influence on the firmââ¬â¢s financial policy. This means that they have no decision or voting power. They only have a state in the firmââ¬â¢s financial health. Nonfinancial stakeholders are interested in the firmââ¬â¢s investment options because they can be hurt by its financial difficulties. Specifically, a firmââ¬â¢s capital structure choices can affect nonfinancial stakeholders by affecting the probability of default on their explicit and implicit claims on the firm and by influencing the firmââ¬â¢s production and pricing decisions. Consequently, firms in partnership may be forced implicitly to take the interests of their nonfinancial stakeholders into account in formulating financial policy. The capital structure of a business partnership can serve as a signaling device to these nonfinancial stakeholders and thereby affect their behavior. A firmââ¬â¢s financial condition can affect how suppliers and customers perceive its reliability. Therefore, the ability of a business partnership to raise capital easily from many different sources means that its suppliers and customers trust its ability to make profitable business for all involved parties. This benefits the firm and its suppliers, and consequently, creates value for its customers. Firms participating in the business system as partners combine a variety of diverse skills and expertise. Partners share the responsibilities of managing and operating the business. Combining partner skills to set goals, manage the overall direction of the firm, and solve problems increases the chances for the partnershipââ¬â¢s success. Ideal business partnerships bring together people with complementary backgrounds rather than those with similar experience, skills, and talents. This enables the firm to view the diversity of skills in labor as an asset rather than a cost. These are the skills and expertise in employees that contribute to the firmââ¬â¢s level of productivity. With a business partnership therefore, production of goods or services is of a high quality. This benefits the organization and creates worth for its customers, thus leading to its success. Firms that participate in the business system as business partners increase the size of the organization. In businesses, size matters. Corporations that are big enough to control significant shares of sales and profits in one or more industries and enjoy tremendous financial and organizational advantages over small businesses. Financially, large revenue streams mean big budgets, enormous purchasing power, and great bargaining advantage with suppliers of goods and services. Organizationally, the bigness of an organization facilitates the development and application of specialized human and technological resources. Additionally, this enables the organization to determine its future sourcing strategy for every spend category. The organization is able to decide whether to reduce or expand its supply base, and where the suppliers should come from. The company is also able to decide on the type of relationship it would need to pursue with its suppliers. The company is then able to decide on the type of contract it would put in place in its dealings with suppliers. This ensures that the company has a constant supply of raw materials throughout the year. This means that the products and services produced by the company will be of high quality and would meet the consumer demands. This benefits the organization and its suppliers, and creates value for its customers. In the business system, business partnerships lead to reduced price competition. This according to Bradley means that the decisions made by one company affect and are affected by decisions made by other firms. If one company decides to reduce its prices, it will force other companies to do the same. Modern industries remain full of aggressively price-slashing firms. Modern corporate capitalists are compelled by the market to pass the benefits of productivity improvements to customers through price cuts. Failure to do so would mean that rival firms would soon copy an organizationââ¬â¢s innovations and lower their prices, thus forcing them to run out of business. Full-fledged price wars are now so anathema that, even in the most competitive industries, corporate wisdom is to try anything and everything before entering into even a single round of unrestrained price-cutting. Corporate capitalism means price inflation. From a corporate capitalistââ¬â¢s perspective, such steady, mild inflation is a good thing. Major firms can bank on being able to charge a bit more for next yearââ¬â¢s model than for this yearââ¬â¢s and on taking in a bit more revenue for the same output. This is achievable when corporations form partnerships (Dawson, 2003, p.24). The bargaining power of a firm over its suppliers is crucial because it can improve the price, quantity, reliability, and timely delivery of raw materials. The companyââ¬â¢s power increases the more the inputs are commodity items and are subject to price competition. The company, rather than the supplier should add the value. For example, a restaurant buys commodity items like vegetables, meat and drinks, all of which are readily available and subject to intense competition. It has power over suppliers and adds the value by processing them into expensive meals. This also creates value for the consumers because the company will have the ability to produce top quality products. Business partners enjoy income tax benefits. The net income or loss of the partnership is passed through to the associates, according to the partnership accord. The partnership is required to file a partnership return form annually with the revenue services in their countries, but no income tax is owed by the partnership itself. Rather, the partnershipââ¬â¢s return indicates the income earned by the partnership and allocated to the individual partners. A partnership is not taxable as a separate entity. The partners on income derived from the partnership pay a single tax. Additionally, because the income of the partnership flows through to the individual partners, if the partnership experiences a net loss, each partnerââ¬â¢s share of that loss may be written off on the partnerââ¬â¢s individual income tax return. Conclusion A business partnership is an association of two or more parties engaged in a business enterprise where all parties involved share the profits and losses equally. This type of association creates benefits for the organizations involved and its suppliers, thereby creating more value for its customers. The minimal formalities required in starting a business partnership enable the company to deal easily with its suppliers without major red tapes. This enables the company to produce products and services in a much quicker way. Partnerships enable flexibility in management. This ensures that only the targeted suppliers are selected for business partnerships. There are many more benefits of businesses joining in partnership as seen from the points above, all of which enable the company to make profits and create value for their customers. References Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Top of Form Baker, H. K., & Martin, G. S. (2011). Capital Structure & Corporate Financing Decisions: à à à à à à Valuation, Strategy and Risk Analysis for Creating Long-Term Shareholder Value. à à Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Bouchoux, D. E. (2010). Business organizations for paralegals (5th Ed.). New York: Aspen à à à à à à à à à à à Publishers/Wolters Kluwer Law & Business. Bradley, F. (2005). International marketing strategy. New York: FT/Prentice Hall. Business 2.0. (1998). Brisbane, CA: Imagine Media. Campbell, D., Netzer, A., & Center for International Legal Studies. (2009). International joint à ventures. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Coffey, J., & Garrow, V. (2012). Reaping the Benefits of Mergers and Acquisitions. Hoboken: à Taylor & Francis. Dawson, M. (2003). The consumer trap: big business marketing in American life. Urbana: à à à à à à à à University of Illinois Press. Gilmore, S., & Williams, S. (2012). Human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gitman, L. J., & McDaniel, C. D. (2008). The future of business: the essentials (3rd ed.). Mason, à à à à à à à à à OH: Thomson South-Western. Gitman, L. J., & McDaniel, C. D. (2009). The future of business: the essentials (4th, student ed.). à à à à à à à à Mason, OH: South-Western Cenage Learning. Practising Law Institute., & United States. (1971). The local economic development corporation; à à à à à à à à legal and financial guidelines. Washington: U.S. Economic Development à à à à à à à à Administration]; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2005). The future of competition: Co-creating unique value à à à à à à à à à à with customers. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press. Saxena, R. (2009). Marketing management. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Schneeman, A. (2007). The law of corporations and other business organizations (4th ed.). à à à à à à Clifton Park, NY: West Legal Studies/Thomson Delmar Learning. Watson, D., & Serious Investor Groups. (2005). Business models: Investing in companies and à à sectors with strong competitive advantage. Petersfield [England: Harriman House Pub. Weele, A. J. (2010). Purchasing & supply chain management: Analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Andover: Cengage Learning. Weele, A. J. (2010). Purchasing & supply chain management: Analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Andover: Cengage Learning. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K.-C., & Leong, G. K. (2011). Principles of supply chain management: A à à à balanced approach. Mason, OH: South-Western. Bottom of Form à Bottom of Form à Bottom of Form à Bottom of Form à Bottom of Form Ã
Wednesday, July 17, 2019
African American Males and Disparity in the Justice System
Within our umpire dust thither is a large disagreement in the midst of the total build of Afri sens Ameri force out males dungeon indoors our society and living at heart our prison walls. African Americans males argon often faced with overcoming environ affable, economic and sociological in equalities fleck growing up as well as a deficiency of hazard. M either of these issues etiolatedthorn in item plump to un-proportional numbers of African American males being incarcerated. In admittanceal prejudicial behaviors by the judicial residential district may also be a broker in the disproportionate incarceration statistics.More resources should be allotted at the community aim to provide for disadvantage minorities to succeed in life and avoid participating in criminal activities, as well as providing resources for education of those inside the governance to assail prejudice and effect change. accord to the bailiwick Association for the Advancement of Colored mes s (NAACP) African Americans comprise n proterozoic 1 million of the 2. 3 million incarcerated state and 1 in 6 morose men suck been incarcerated as of 2001. As can be seen these numbers be disproportionately higher past for their white counterparts.One of the main conditions stated by the NAACP as a causal factor for this dissimilitude is related to inner city abomination evaluate that be prompted by neighborly and economic isolation. There is subatomic luck for employment and high drop rates amongst inner city African American males. A study by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences indicates that employment for chthonic educate African American males was n early on 25% while the incarceration number is around 40% showing that they ar more likely to be incarcerated then employed.When pris matchlessrs atomic number 18 then released at that place is attach recidivism when there is no employment opportunities and the daily round repeats. In addition the famil y structure suffers as resources argon decreased as family members argon imprisoned. Studies have shown that children who p atomic number 18nts are imprisoned are more likely to be victims or abhorrence themselves, have little educational opportunity and frequently live in poverty, all which lead to increased relish for criminal action mechanism in the future.Lack of opportunity is forefront in the variation in the midst of whites and African American levels of incarceration. The book The placement in b wishing and white Exploring the Connections amidst Race, Crime and Justice states that Minority y bulgehs are often from areas plagued by poverty, high unemployment and underemployment, family dysfunction, wretched education, and crime. The minority youth is therefore, marginalized, and such marginalization engenders delinquent acts (Jones-Brown, Markowitz, 2001. p172).By segregating minorities, primarily African Americans, into these areas without providing opportunity we perpetuate the problem by providing little to no opportunities for legitimate advantage. The indites indicate that the privation of entranceway to friendly and economic opportunities and the mountment of sociablely desired symbols of success in a flash leads an individual to gain those items by socially unacceptable means such as criminal activities. This general theme of the consequences of unintegrated communities is shared by Loury in his school Race, Incarceration and American Values.Closed and move social structures-like racially homogenous urban ghettos-create contexts where pathological and dysfunctional cultural forms emerge, precisely these forms are neither intrinsic to the population caught in the structures nor independent of the behavior of the heap who stand outside them. (Loury, 2008. p 33. ) In this case the author is clearly pointing out that it is the situation that creates the criminal non any overt difference in the individuals themselves.There is no born propensity for criminal activity just a lack of social and environmental resources available to individuals living in these areas to allow for success based on achievement. These areas have developed as an awkward reminder of our one time overtly prejudicial society that casted African Americans as inferior, lazy beings with little or no ability to learn. The path to participating in criminal activities for many African American adolescent males frequently lies in interest in multitude activities.In an article authorise Poverty, Broken Homes, Violence The Making of a Gang Member the authors state a strong correlation in the midst of the lack of opportunity and gang involvement. Risk factors admit many that are prevalent in the before mentioned ghetto like areas such as having gang members in the family already, histories of sexual or physical outcry, growing up in poverty, having gateway to weapons and medicates, and a lack of success in some other areas of li fe, such as school (Mueller, 2014).Gangs frequently form a surrogate family for adolescents in poverty in love urban areas as well as providing a certain level of protective covering from other criminal elements. other bar which African American males face is one of negatively derivative intervention inside the rightness remains. It is assumed that part of the reason for the disparity between whites and African Americans at heart the prison systems is related to the war on drugs. According to the NAACP African American are 12% of the population of drug users, 38% of those arrested and 59% of those convicted.These overwhelming numbers of assents would lead us to believe that African American are committing more drug crimes stock-still the percentage of drug users is actually dismount then their white counterparts. Sentences for African Americans convicted of drug crimes are almost equal to the totality of time that white males would spend in jail for violent crimes. Accor ding to author of the New Jim Crow this inequality in the justice system is a modality to keep minorities from achievement while appearing to have put aside prejudice. It can be argued that our prison system in fact serves the purpose of a fomite for social control.The long-run make of conviction separate felons from the general population for life, excluding them from add effectively in mainstream society. Once they are released, they are often denied the right to vote, excluded from juries, and relegated to a racially segregated and subordinated existence. done a web of laws, regulations, and informal rules, all of which are powerfully reinforced by social stigma, they are confined to the margins of mainstream society and denied access to the mainstream economy.They are legally denied the ability to obtain employment, housing, and public benefitsmuch as African Americans were once forced into a segregated, cabin class citizenship in the Jim Crow era (Alexander, M. 2010). An other issues related to the disproportionate numbers of African American males within the prison system are related to previous acts. over again we essential look to the lack of opportunity in youth as a leading cause for juvenile detainment. According to the Juvenile Justice information metamorphose socioeconomic class plays a region in detainment.In delinquency matters indigent children roost within the system because the courts are un willinging to release these children back to the environments they came from as contrary to children with means. The child welfare system, public schools, and neighborhood police presence are unified so that few meaningful distinctions can be make between myopic children and those who present a true insecurity to the community (Birkhead, 2012). The involve of early interactions with the justice system can negatively impact a person for life.As adults persons who are know within the criminal justice system are more likely to be convicted of crimes as well as face up harsher sentencing as repeat offenders. This utilize may not appear prejudicial as it is appropriate to face harsher sentences for repeat offenders, except is prejudicial as to how the person became a repeat offender in the depression place. The above issues point to discrimination at a structural level not an individual one, tho there are structural cases of discrimination that may assist individual discrimination such at the Stop and F risk law.This law allows officers to stop, point and physically frisk someone they deem suspicious. One of the main problematic issues of this devote is one of oversight there are no governing rules as to what constitutes doubt besides individual officers feelings. While this practice has led to some arrests, they are numerically insignificant and have been deemed unconstitutional but not illegal. According to the American civilised Liberties Union 85 percent of those halt were found to have not attached a cri me or have any contraband on their persons.The ruin of this practice has far reaching implications as in it has served to foster feelings of mistrust between police officers and the minority population, specifically African American youths. Identifying issues and making changes to treatment of African American males, or any other minority, within the judicial system is a project undertaken by the Sentencing chore. They define illegitimate or unwarranted racial disparity as the dissimilar treatment of alike situated people based on race (201, p1. ).There goal is to acknowledge the set up of disparity building at each phase within the criminal justice system and its cumulative effects on an individual. They encourage communication within the system i. e. law enforcement, lawyers, judges, prison military force and parole workers to develop plans to reform individuals while working towards a systematic change. Through research they have turn to the film for cultural competency t raining within the judicial system and have made it a requirement. They also address issues pertainingto treatment of early delinquency, severity of crime as well as severity of sentencing. The Project allocates resources for research into other sentencing alternatives that have demonstrate success over incarceration. In addition to looking at the treatment of individuals within the system they provide guidance to insurance makers in regards to investments in communities. They project low-income areas in providing education and employment opportunities, access to wellness commission, including mental health care, and substance abuse treatment.Through research the project has identified that un equal opportunities for access to resources negatively affects the low-income individuals and their families. Simply changing the criminal justice system itself will not singularly decrease the disparity between the numbers of African Americans incarcerated in comparison to their white cou nterparts. Change must begin in the communities. Outreach programs started as early as birth are prerequisite to effectively create change. One root word who sees the fatality for this change and has answered the call is the Harlems Childrens Zone.This group services nearly 17,000 children throughout the Metropolitan area. They begin with providing parenting classes, which outlines the unavoidableness for proper nutrition and health care as well as courses on other parenting issues with a focus on the at risk child. They provide accept schools with longer school days as well as tutoring programs for those unable to attend. Resources are also available for crisis intervention, access to mental and physical health care, offering help in obtaining services such as food stamps, as well as assistance in forming community actions groups to bit crime and drugs.The group also provides afterschool programs including jejune groups, fitness, educational, and classes on maintaining a he althy lifestyle, and access to community gardens. Although our society has made prominent strides in the area of equality, with more African Americans holding important positions, negative differential treatment persists. Poverty laid low(p) communities where there is little opportunity and the prevalence of gang activity increases the likelihood that African American youths will grow up to enrol in criminal activities leading to incarceration.The prototypic step towards change is understanding the need for increased resources in poverty stricken areas to provide access for at risk youths to community centers, hot meal programs, and unassailable afterschool venues. The second step is making these projects a reality. Although the government had earmarked 10 million dollars for neighborhoods to develop similar programs to the Harlems Childrens center on project it is not enough, resources must be provided by individual states, communities and persons to combat poverty and provid e resources for children.In addition equality in how individuals are treated within the system must continue to be addressed by groups like the Sentencing Project. By early intervention and continued education and support we can move towards equality and light the numbers of African American males disbursement their lives within the criminal justice system. The long-term benefits of these actions will be felt by individuals as well as the community at large with decreased crime and access to the rich resource of an educated youth.
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